01 - Preheat oven to 350°F. Grease and line three 6-inch round cake pans with parchment paper.
02 - Whisk together all-purpose flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt in a medium bowl.
03 - In a large mixing bowl, cream unsalted butter and granulated sugar until light and fluffy. Beat in eggs one at a time, then mix in vanilla extract.
04 - Alternately add dry ingredients and whole milk to the butter mixture, beginning and ending with dry ingredients. Mix until just combined.
05 - Divide batter equally among six bowls. Tint each portion with gel food coloring to create red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple batters.
06 - Pour each colored batter into a prepared pan. Bake 15–18 minutes or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean. Cool layers completely.
07 - Beat unsalted butter until creamy. Gradually beat in powdered sugar, then add whole milk and vanilla extract. Whip until light and fluffy.
08 - Portion out buttercream and tint with gel food coloring: gray for the body, pink for ears, nose, and feet, with a small amount tinted black as needed.
09 - Level cake layers if needed. Stack layers with a thin layer of buttercream between each one. Carve the assembled cake into a rounded rat body, shaping a snout and small haunches. Use cake scraps to build up the head or haunches if necessary.
10 - Cover the shaped cake with a thin layer of gray buttercream to seal in crumbs. Chill for 20 minutes to set.
11 - Apply a thicker layer of gray buttercream, using a small offset spatula or fork to create a furry texture.
12 - Shape white and pink fondant into rat ears, nose, and feet. Color the fondant pink as needed. Attach decorations to the cake using dabs of buttercream.
13 - Place black fondant pearls or mini chocolate chips for eyes. Use a black licorice string for the tail and whiskers.
14 - Pipe or spread pink buttercream for nose and inner ears. Add remaining details as desired.